tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-88247475922350207212024-03-13T21:46:24.331-07:00EWC JunnerAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00417525116189270503noreply@blogger.comBlogger12125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8824747592235020721.post-36407518191791108092018-08-09T15:43:00.001-07:002018-08-09T15:43:25.772-07:00Slavery Through The Ages, by Elizabeth W. C. Junner<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">The slaves, it
appears, like the poor, we have had always with us. In the Oxford Illustrated
History of Britain there appears a picture of a chain linking five anklets
dating from the Iron Age! In other words, slavery was in effect around 800BC to
60AD.</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;"> This discovery appears
to say tribal rulers could enslave their own own<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>lowly people, or perhaps those of other
tribes gained through barter or war. </span> One of the most famous tribes was the Iceni, who lived around what is
modern day Norfolk. Which may explain why the Roman invasion was not total in
that area - who has not heard of their famous Queen Boudica?</span></div>
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<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2psjYHw_bKs/W2ylPZPz4QI/AAAAAAAAAkM/kyHyylAVCtgFVbqbeZTja_ZKnXy6jldkwCLcBGAs/s1600/Boudica%2527s%2BRebellion.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="499" data-original-width="371" height="320" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2psjYHw_bKs/W2ylPZPz4QI/AAAAAAAAAkM/kyHyylAVCtgFVbqbeZTja_ZKnXy6jldkwCLcBGAs/s320/Boudica%2527s%2BRebellion.jpg" width="237" /></a></span></span><br />
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The widow of King
Prasutagus, she raised an army against the Romans in a failed attempt to halt
their total control of her people. We may assume Boudica, as a ruler’s wife,
had many servants, perhaps slaves, though we may hope she was humane enough not
to have her gardeners or farm workers chained together. <span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;"></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 120.5pt; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">The Venerable Bede </span><span lang="EN-US">recalls the story of Pope Gregory when he saw fair-skinned,
blue-eyed Anglo-Saxon boys in the slave market in Rome. “Who are these people?”
the Pope asked. “They are Angles,” he was told. “<i>Non Angli sed Angeli</i>, (Not
Angles, but Angels” replied Gregory.) </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 120.5pt; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US">In December, 1085, William the Conqueror
commissioned the Domesday Book to raise taxes to pay for his army. In effect,
this was a census by which William could determine the exact status and wealth
of his subjects throughout the realm. This minutely detailed volume shows that no
fewer than nine percent of the English were listed as slaves in that year.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Nor were all traders
white. Islamic and African tribes traded in children. In Hugh Barnes’
illuminating The Stolen Prince he outlines the life and times of </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">Abram Petrovich Gannibal. Although the early
part of Gannibal’s life is obscure, he always insisted he was a king’s son, a
prince of Abyssinia. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was captured as
a seven or eight year old by Islamic slave traders and thrust on a ship bound
for Constantinople. He eventually ended up in the court of Peter the Great.</span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-q11Wt4_Sei8/W2ysOIk-CQI/AAAAAAAAAks/iCqqSuWgGU0U5kaIiD7OeY-NMCE34XRVgCLcBGAs/s1600/20180809_161542%2B%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-q11Wt4_Sei8/W2ysOIk-CQI/AAAAAAAAAks/iCqqSuWgGU0U5kaIiD7OeY-NMCE34XRVgCLcBGAs/s320/20180809_161542%2B%25282%2529.jpg" width="240" /></a><br />
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<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">The
Tsar recognised the child’s intelligence, took him first as his godson and then
as his adopted son. Peter arranged for the boy to have the best education
possible in the new capital of Saint Petersburg. The adult Gannibal proved himself
more than worthy of this liberal education. He rose through the ranks as a
soldier, a spy, a diplomat, and a mathematician. Although he fell from favour
in the reign of Peter lll, and was ignored by Catherine after Peter’s
assassination, Gannibal’s heritage lives on. He was the great-grandfather of the
poet Pushkin (Eugene Onedin), and the ancestor of Prince Philip Mountbatten,
Queen Elizabeth’s consort.</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 120.5pt; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">Britain was the first
nation to really speak out strongly against slavery. There were many respected
people who spoke out strongly against slavery. One was the missionary doctor,
David Livingstone, (1817-1873) from Blantyre, Scotland. Livingstone’s travels
in Africa, his missionary zeal and his efforts to stop the slave trade in
children are legendary.<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1DMF1VcHWnw/W2ytMAcKuDI/AAAAAAAAAlA/GJbpMT7bOj8L65xyGdr3M0N2FqMi81qoQCLcBGAs/s1600/800px-Stanley_meets_Livingstone%2529_-_H.H_LCCN2008678860.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="588" data-original-width="800" height="235" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1DMF1VcHWnw/W2ytMAcKuDI/AAAAAAAAAlA/GJbpMT7bOj8L65xyGdr3M0N2FqMi81qoQCLcBGAs/s320/800px-Stanley_meets_Livingstone%2529_-_H.H_LCCN2008678860.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Livingstone meets Stanley - </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 120.5pt; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;"></span>In 1836, more than fifteen
years before Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin, the much-</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-gWXPpo8UE68/W2ystQQIEjI/AAAAAAAAAk4/YjhopZ3nqhcLzbhNo9WskIDk8SxipZUJACLcBGAs/s1600/20180809_Fanny.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-gWXPpo8UE68/W2ystQQIEjI/AAAAAAAAAk4/YjhopZ3nqhcLzbhNo9WskIDk8SxipZUJACLcBGAs/s320/20180809_Fanny.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;">travelled
Englishwoman, Fanny Trollope, published Jonathan Jefferson Whitlaw, the first
anti-slavery novel. I love Fanny’s biography, beautifully written by the
American Pamela Neville-Sington. Dr. Neville-Sington painstakingly, but never
boringl, details Fanny’s richly adventurous life.</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 120.5pt; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">However, perhaps the
most famous abolitionist – and a household name in the Scotland of my childhood
– was William Wilberforce. As a young man on his Grand Tour of Europe,
Wilberforce and his friend read William Law’s book, A Serious Call to a Devout
and Holy Life.” Inspired by this, William seriously considered entering clerical
life, but friends persuaded him he could serve God better through politics.
While he was an ardent supporter of parliamentary reform, public education,
overseas missions and religious freedom, Wilberforce’s commitment to the
abolition of slavery and the slave trade was unswerving and perseverant. He
introduced his first anti-slavery motion in 1788. Though this was defeated,
William brought it up every year thereafter until finally, in 1806, eighteen
years after that first motion, the slave trade was finally abolished. Still
Wilberforce pressed against slavery and was rewarded for his tireless campaign
when the abolition bill for all British territories passed four days before his
death in 1833. A year later on, 31<sup>st</sup> July 1834, 800,000 slaves,
mainly in the British West Indies, were set free. There are several biographies
on William Wilberforce, and one movie, Amazing Grace.</span></div>
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<br />
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<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-CA;">One hundred and
eighty-four years later, we live in a slave-free world – not quite. The most
horrific slavery is carried out today by the Islamic terrorists known as Boko
Haram. Newspapers have carried stories of the murders of Christian men and the
kidnapping of girls from Government Schools in Nigeria. Children see violent
brutality like this on television news; it is difficult to deal with in
classrooms, but to do so with honesty is important. We as librarians can
co-operate with teachers in pointing out to the children appropriate and
interesting books. As teachers, we need to remind them of the many men and women
of times gone past who endured hardship, sometimes even death, and who suffered
censure in their efforts to improve the lives of others and bring an end to
slavery. It would be an interesting project to have the class, in geography and
history, find today’s real heroes and heroines in the Nigerians, the Kenyans,
the Somalis, the Russians, and the beleaguered peoples of the Middle East who
strive day in and day out against all odds for freedom.</span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00417525116189270503noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8824747592235020721.post-3571528532785254052017-11-06T07:27:00.003-08:002017-11-06T08:13:11.053-08:00Real Heroes In Sports <!--[if !mso]>
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<span style="font-weight: normal;">In the category of reluctant
reader - surely the bane of every teacher and school librarian - boys usually
outnumber girls. How can you coax them into discovering there’s a whole wealth
of interesting, not to mention inspiring, information out there in the world of
books? </span></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-4WfE6ViCmOc/Wf_XpW6eOcI/AAAAAAAAATs/8-ibofhmRQIxdKPxEyW9_U3g-OIYaBrJgCEwYBhgL/s1600/Benge%2BBook.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="474" data-original-width="311" height="200" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-4WfE6ViCmOc/Wf_XpW6eOcI/AAAAAAAAATs/8-ibofhmRQIxdKPxEyW9_U3g-OIYaBrJgCEwYBhgL/s200/Benge%2BBook.jpg" width="130" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;">Introducing them to books about real people who came from
backgrounds the majority of children can recognise may not complete the transformation
from reluctant to eager reader [and more enthusiastic scholar?], but it could
be a big step in the right direction.</span><br />
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<span style="font-weight: normal;">The brilliant movie
‘Chariots of Fire’, which cleared the decks at the Oscars after its debut in
1981, brought Eric Liddell’s athletic achievements wide recognition. While, of
course, the movie focuses on Eric’s famous race at the 1924 Olympics in Paris,
it portrays both the athletic greatness and spiritual integrity of the Scottish
missionary. </span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">‘The Flying Scotsman’ as
Eric Henry Liddell was affectionately known, was born in Tiensing, China, where
his parents, the Rev. James and Mrs. Liddell, were both missionaries. Eric
attended the local elementary school before being sent to join his brother Rob at
Eltham College in England. It was here Eric first showed his athletic prowess,
particularly his speed on the track. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;">While studying for a science degree at Edinburgh University, Eric
competed for the university in </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;"></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;">rugby and on the track.</span></span></span><br />
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He was chosen to represent Scotland in both fields; unfortunately, though he was outstanding in each sport, his studies left him no time for both rugby and running. Forced to choose between them, Eric decided on running. His distances were the 220 yards and the 100 yards but he truly excelled at the latter.<br />
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<div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpFirst">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Eric was an
automatic choice for the 1924 Paris Olympics;</span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-phSzINvCNaA/Wf_Zi2bsH2I/AAAAAAAAAUE/rqD8V7w98nwx9MYePFxIIGAJLr4nYAknwCEwYBhgL/s1600/Eric%2BLiddell%2Breal.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="172" data-original-width="124" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-phSzINvCNaA/Wf_Zi2bsH2I/AAAAAAAAAUE/rqD8V7w98nwx9MYePFxIIGAJLr4nYAknwCEwYBhgL/s1600/Eric%2BLiddell%2Breal.png" /></a></div>
his elation turned to dismay, however,
when he learned the 100 yards heats were to be held on a Sunday. In those days many
Scots observed Sunday as truly a day of rest. Sunday Dinner would be prepared
as far as possible the evening before! Active outstide games like football and
skipping rope were frowned upon. To run on Sunday was against Eric’s Christian
ethics. What could he do?<br />
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<span style="font-weight: normal;">It was suggested
he run the 440 yards, a quarter of a mile. Eric hadn’t trained for this distance,
but he had a plan for success. Tension ran high. On the morning of the race,
one of the masseuses – from the American team I believe - slipped Eric a folded
paper on which he had written an encouraging message and which Eric recognised
as the masseuse’s variation on</span><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: EN;"> <span lang="EN"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Samuel" title="1 Samuel"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">1 Samuel</span></a> 2:30</span></span><span style="font-weight: normal;">: ‘He that honours me, him I will honour’. </span></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;">Eric’s plan was to sprint the first two hundred yards of
the 440 to get as far ahead of the field as possible and then, he is quoted as
saying, he left it up to God to keep him fast. He won the gold medal in the 440
handily, and the bronze in the 220. </span> <br />
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<span style="font-weight: normal;">The following year Eric
returned to missionary work in China where Japanese aggression was making life increasingly
dangerous. In 1941, as the Japanese advanced, Eric sent his family to safety in
Canada while he remained to work at a poor station with his brother, who was a
doctor. They were overworked, lacking much of the medicine, equipment and food
they needed to help the desperate Chinese who came day after day seeking help. </span></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;">In 1943, Eric was interned along with many others when the
Japanese invaded the station. Despite the privations, Eric kept up morale; he
taught Bible School, taught science to the children in the camp, and organised
games. Overworked, exhausted, and undernourished, Eric developed an inoperable
brain tumour. His earthly race finished, he died in February, 1945, just five months before the camp was liberated.</span> <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-OygRTmzUFw0/Wf_b2g6nFRI/AAAAAAAAAUk/nOpp5s4HOEsRxtHZ5hG_x-m-Wsov78NiACEwYBhgL/s1600/Keddie%2BBook.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="475" data-original-width="298" height="320" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-OygRTmzUFw0/Wf_b2g6nFRI/AAAAAAAAAUk/nOpp5s4HOEsRxtHZ5hG_x-m-Wsov78NiACEwYBhgL/s320/Keddie%2BBook.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;">*** </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-weight: normal;">How many Puerto Rican
kids or kids of Puerto Rican descent have not heard of the great Roberto Enrique
Clemente Walker? </span></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;">Roberto, born in Carolina, Puerto Rico, was the youngest of
seven children. When he was old enough he helped his father, a sugar crops
foreman, by loading and unloading trucks. Always interested in baseball, Roberto
joined Puerto Rico’s amateur league when he was sixteen years old and played
for the Ferdinand Juncos team. In 1952 he signed with the winter team,Cangrejeros de Santuce. This was a franchise of the Puerto Rican </span><br />
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<span style="font-weight: normal;">Professional
Baseball League. While he was there the Brooklyn Dodgers offered Roberto a contract
with one of the team’s Triple A affiliates. </span></div>
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<span style="font-weight: normal;">This meant a
move to the Montréal Royals farm team for Roberto but he never did play for the
Dodgers. When Pittsburgh Pirates scout Clyde Sukeforth saw Clemente, he told
the Royals’ manager that the Pirates were going to finish last in the league,
therefore had the pick of the rookies, and he was picking Roberto Clemente
Walker, no question. </span></div>
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<span style="font-weight: normal;">His beginnings
in Pittsburgh were not the easiest for Roberto. The winter before his rookie
season with the Pirates a drunk driver slammed into his car at an intersection
in Puerto Rico and left him with a back injury which forced him to sit out many
games while he recovered. Because he was black, and spoke little English, the
sports media and some of the team gave him a hard time; announcers kept
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to discriminate against anyone because of their ethnicity. As he proved his
worth, Pittsburgh loved Roberto; his number was changed from 13 to 20, the
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-CJgpWN7ZY1Y/Wf_aoKpvFsI/AAAAAAAAAUc/eYSBQGlUZE47OMAre_mLYYu3jyTejiQswCEwYBhgL/s1600/images%2B%25283%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="225" data-original-width="225" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-CJgpWN7ZY1Y/Wf_aoKpvFsI/AAAAAAAAAUc/eYSBQGlUZE47OMAre_mLYYu3jyTejiQswCEwYBhgL/s1600/images%2B%25283%2529.jpg" /></a></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;">In 1958 he signed for the U.S. Marine Corps. Under their
rigorous training he gained ten pounds and had no back problems. By then
Roberto was so invaluable to the Pirates team that State Senator John M. Walker
sent a letter to U.S. Senator Hugh Scott requesting his early release from the
Marines in 1959. Roberto remained a Marine Reserve until September, 1964.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<![endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;">His rewards in baseball were many,
culminating when he earned the World Series Most Valuable Player trophy, yet
far outflanking those are his rewards in how he has lived, in what he has done
to help others. He helped financially, never to gain recognition but simply
because he could, and wanted to. He cared about children especially; his dream
was to build a ‘Sports City’ where young Puerto Ricans would have access to
coaching in many sports, facilities, and encouragement. In the off-season he taught
baseball and ran free clinics for kids in Puerto Rico, especially those from
poorer families. He loved his country and did much to raise the status of
Puerto Rico and Latin America in the world’s eyes. He was involved in a great
deal of charity work, and when Managua, the capital of Nicaragua, was hit by a
massive earthquake on 23<sup>rd</sup> December, 1972 he immediately began
arranging relief flights. When he heard the aid on the first three flights had
been siphoned off by the corrupt officials and never reached the victims he
decided to go on the fourth flight himself, in hopes his presence would shame
them into honesty. On December 31<sup>st</sup> he set off on an overloaded plane
with an incompetent crew. It crashed into the Atlantic Ocean immediately after
takeoff due to engine failure. Roberto’s body has never been recovered, but his
legacy lives on in the selfless work he did during his lifetime.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KjfOwS4EgeE/Wf_chjyfjHI/AAAAAAAAAUw/b2Anfqs4iVkwSH52qYCpsb86kUuFlCKCQCEwYBhgL/s1600/th23WEJDL7.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="212" data-original-width="286" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KjfOwS4EgeE/Wf_chjyfjHI/AAAAAAAAAUw/b2Anfqs4iVkwSH52qYCpsb86kUuFlCKCQCEwYBhgL/s1600/th23WEJDL7.jpg" /></a></span></span> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-weight: normal;">And now we come to the
last of our sports heroes, who was in his own words a really rotten kid, Louis
Zamperini. With co-author David Rensin, in his book ‘Don’t Give Up, Don’t Give
In’ he speaks for those kids who are seen to be seriously off the tracks. </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8rLDJ1Pf0IY/Wf_dBZ4y4_I/AAAAAAAAAUw/VWSqi1IZfloFvt9L6KcXJCiuV0qKIb3XwCEwYBhgL/s1600/Zamperini.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="959" data-original-width="539" height="200" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8rLDJ1Pf0IY/Wf_dBZ4y4_I/AAAAAAAAAUw/VWSqi1IZfloFvt9L6KcXJCiuV0qKIb3XwCEwYBhgL/s200/Zamperini.jpg" width="111" /></a></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Born in America of
Italian parents who spoke Italian at home, he went to kindergarten in
California speaking very little English, and very poorly at that. He hated
recess when the other kids would surround him to taunt and jeer, to punch and
kick him over his poor English, his wiry </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpFirst">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">hair, and big
ears. Eventually his father made him a punch bag, so that Louis learned to
fight back – and win.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">His older
brother Pete was the model son who could do no wrong, and Louis the changeling
child who could do no right. He felt he could never live up to Pete, so Louis
set out to be as bad as he possibly could be. He was forever getting into
trouble with the police, with school, and with his parents. One would think
Pete might get fed up with Louis but he never did. He loved his little brother
and when all three of the authorities mentioned above were at their wits end,
Pete took Louis to the local steel mill, where the workers ‘looked hot, greasy,
and dirty’. Louis was aghast. He didn’t want to end up like that, and Pete
pointed out that’s exactly where he would end up, unless he smartened up. He
warned Louis that no one could force him to turn his life around – he had to
want to do that himself.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">The school
officials decided to give Louis another chance, especially after Pete suggested
sports. Too small for football, Louis was entered in an interclass race to run
the 660 yards with the promise if he ran, his school slate would be wiped
clean. He ran. He came in last, in pain and suffering from having smoked since
he was six years old. But the running bug had caught him. He ran, and in
running and eventually winning, he found self-respect. He set himself to learn
at school, recognizing the importance of education.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Adrift on a
raft in the Pacific Ocean for many days before being captured by the Japanese
in WWll, Louis endured the brutality of their prison camps. Beaten day after
day, he stubbornly refused to give in. When he was finally liberated and
returned to America, at first it was great and then it appeared Louis was once
again on the slippery slopes. Until his wife persuaded him to hear Billy
Graham. Louis finally realised hatred consumes and destroys the person who
hates, and accepted Christ in his life. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He worked tirelessly to help young people
improve their lives, applying Christ’s teaching of love and tolerance, tough
yet encouraging. </span></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;"></span></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> ***</span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;"><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"></span></div>
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;"><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"></span></div>
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;"><div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"></span></div>
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpLast">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">All pictures
are, to the best I can ascertain, in the public domain. And to those who query
why my name isn’t on the authors list, it’s because Chris started this blog,
and I don’t want to mess it up.</span></div>
</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;"></span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00417525116189270503noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8824747592235020721.post-28798461317144181602017-11-05T20:01:00.000-08:002018-08-09T15:44:25.673-07:00<!--[if !mso]>
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<span style="font-weight: normal;">Real Heroes of
Sports, November 2017.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> by </span>Elizabeth W. C. Junner.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-weight: normal;">In the
category of reluctant reader - surely the bane of every teacher and school
librarian - boys usually outnumber girls. How can you coax them into discovering
there’s a whole wealth of interesting, not to mention inspiring, information
out there in the world of books? </span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4WfE6ViCmOc/Wf_XpW6eOcI/AAAAAAAAATo/uIgZ8mE7FToiSNq-saYxk1ntJLFqTeH7wCEwYBhgL/s1600/Benge%2BBook.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="474" data-original-width="311" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4WfE6ViCmOc/Wf_XpW6eOcI/AAAAAAAAATo/uIgZ8mE7FToiSNq-saYxk1ntJLFqTeH7wCEwYBhgL/s320/Benge%2BBook.jpg" width="209" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Introducing them to books about real people who came
from backgrounds the majority of children can recognise may not complete the transformation
from reluctant to eager reader [and more enthusiastic scholar?], but it could
be a big step in the right direction.</span><span style="background: black; border: none black 1.0pt; color: black; font-size: 1.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; padding: 0cm;"> </span><span style="font-weight: normal;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">The brilliant movie
‘Chariots of Fire’, which cleared the decks at the Oscars after its debut in
1981, brought Eric Liddell’s athletic achievements wide recognition. While, of
course, the movie focuses on Eric’s famous race at the 1924 Olympics in Paris,
it portrays both the athletic greatness and spiritual integrity of the Scottish
missionary. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">‘The Flying
Scotsman’ as Eric Henry Liddell was affectionately known, was born in Tiensing,
China, where his parents, the Rev. James and Mrs. Liddell, were both
missionaries. Eric attended the local elementary school before being sent to
join his brother Rob at Eltham College in England. It was here Eric first
showed his athletic prowess, particularly his speed on the track. </span></div>
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-N2XiLNxJo04/Wf_YeqVPjjI/AAAAAAAAATw/oxsgFI7mzo4gxNm2u4X6y2urkpe9s0iQQCLcBGAs/s1600/Edin%2BUniversity%2Brugger.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Studying for a
science degree at Edinburgh University, Eric competed for the university in
rugby</span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-N2XiLNxJo04/Wf_YeqVPjjI/AAAAAAAAATw/oxsgFI7mzo4gxNm2u4X6y2urkpe9s0iQQCLcBGAs/s1600/Edin%2BUniversity%2Brugger.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="121" data-original-width="182" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-N2XiLNxJo04/Wf_YeqVPjjI/AAAAAAAAATw/oxsgFI7mzo4gxNm2u4X6y2urkpe9s0iQQCLcBGAs/s1600/Edin%2BUniversity%2Brugger.jpg" /></a></span> and on the track. <span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was chosen to represent Scotland in both
fields; unfortunately, though he was outstanding in each sport, his studies
left him no time for both rugby and running; Forced to choose between them, Eric
decided on running. His distances were the 220 yards and the 100 yards, but he </span><span style="font-weight: normal;">truly
excelled at the latter. </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-phSzINvCNaA/Wf_Zi2bsH2I/AAAAAAAAAT8/oXToCda5EX47lzg4igE-ZugnooRz9gLEgCLcBGAs/s1600/Eric%2BLiddell%2Breal.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="172" data-original-width="124" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-phSzINvCNaA/Wf_Zi2bsH2I/AAAAAAAAAT8/oXToCda5EX47lzg4igE-ZugnooRz9gLEgCLcBGAs/s1600/Eric%2BLiddell%2Breal.png" /></a></div>
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Eric was an
automatic choice for the 1924 Paris Olympics; his elation turned to dismay, however,
when he learned the 100 yards heats were to be held on a Sunday. In those days many
Scots observed Sunday as truly a day of rest. Sunday Dinner would be prepared
as far as possible the evening before! Active outstide games like football and
skipping rope were frowned upon. To run on Sunday was against Eric’s Christian
ethics. What could he do?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">It was
suggested he run the 440 yards, a quarter of a mile. Eric hadn’t trained for
this distance, but he had a plan for success. Tension ran high. On the morning
of the race, one of the masseuses – from the American team I believe - slipped
Eric a folded paper on which he had written an encouraging message and which Eric
recognised as the masseuse’s variation on</span><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: EN;"> <span lang="EN"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Samuel" title="1 Samuel"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">1 Samuel</span></a> 2:30</span></span><span style="font-weight: normal;">: ‘He that honours me, him I will honour’. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Eric’s plan
was to sprint the first two hundred yards of the 440 to get as far ahead of the
field as possible and then, he is quoted as saying, he left it up to God to
keep him fast. He won the gold medal in the 440 handily, and the bronze in the
220. </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IUbUePgRxtI/Wf_Z6bniuFI/AAAAAAAAAUA/Oi3JNE19Ti4WjwVwRb6PzyNfHioreNVBgCLcBGAs/s1600/EL%2BOlympics%2Breal%2B-%2BCopy.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="113" data-original-width="300" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IUbUePgRxtI/Wf_Z6bniuFI/AAAAAAAAAUA/Oi3JNE19Ti4WjwVwRb6PzyNfHioreNVBgCLcBGAs/s1600/EL%2BOlympics%2Breal%2B-%2BCopy.png" /></a></div>
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">The following
year Eric returned to missionary work in China where Japanese aggression was
making life increasingly dangerous. In 1941, as the Japanese advanced, Eric
sent his family to safety in Canada while he remained to work at a poor station
with his brother, who was a doctor. They were overworked, lacking much of the
medicine, equipment and food they needed to help the desperate Chinese who came
day after day seeking help. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">In 1943, Eric was
interned along with many others when the Japanese invaded the station. Despite
the privations, Eric kept up morale; he taught Bible School, taught science to
the children in the camp, and organised games. Overworked, exhausted, and
undernourished, Eric developed an inoperable brain tumour. His earthly race
finished, he died in February, 1945, just five months before the camp was
liberated. </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-OygRTmzUFw0/Wf_b2g6nFRI/AAAAAAAAAUg/R2zJeAHEXbkt5Q4c6ILHCuif8csqmlp3gCLcBGAs/s1600/Keddie%2BBook.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="475" data-original-width="298" height="200" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-OygRTmzUFw0/Wf_b2g6nFRI/AAAAAAAAAUg/R2zJeAHEXbkt5Q4c6ILHCuif8csqmlp3gCLcBGAs/s200/Keddie%2BBook.jpg" width="125" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">***</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">How many
Puerto Rican kids or kids of Puerto Rican descent have not heard of the great
Roberto Enrique Clemente Walker? </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Roberto, born
in Carolina, Puerto Rico, was the youngest of seven children. When he was old
enough he helped his father, a sugar crops foreman, by loading and unloading
trucks. Always interested in baseball, Roberto joined Puerto Rico’s amateur league
when he was sixteen years old and played for the Ferdinand Juncos team. In 1952
he signed with the winter team, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cangrejeros_de_Santurce_(baseball)" title="Cangrejeros de Santurce (baseball)"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Cangrejeros de Santurce</span></a>. <span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span>This </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wY9PFHbmFAA/Wf_aZ-HzWWI/AAAAAAAAAUU/pF3a3YaBVl4Uk1uxFfsJCbDlPyQgaJQAwCLcBGAs/s1600/Roberto%2BClemente.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="272" data-original-width="185" height="200" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wY9PFHbmFAA/Wf_aZ-HzWWI/AAAAAAAAAUU/pF3a3YaBVl4Uk1uxFfsJCbDlPyQgaJQAwCLcBGAs/s200/Roberto%2BClemente.jpg" width="136" /></a></div>
was a franchise of the Puerto
Rican Professional Baseball League. While he was there the Brooklyn Dodgers
offered Roberto a contract with one of the team’s Triple A affiliates. <br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">This meant a
move to the Montréal Royals farm team for Roberto but he never did play for the
Dodgers. When Pittsburgh Pirates scout Clyde Sukeforth saw Clemente, he told
the Royals’ manager that the Pirates were going to finish last in the league,
therefore had the pick of the rookies, and he was picking Roberto Clemente
Walker, no question. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">His beginnings
in Pittsburgh were not the easiest for Roberto. The winter before his rookie
season with the Pirates a drunk driver slammed into his car at an intersection
in Puerto Rico and left him with a back injury which forced him to sit out many
games while he recovered. Because he was black, and spoke little English, the
sports media and some of the team gave him a hard time; announcers kept
referring to him as Bob, or Bobby, despite his preferring Roberto. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His response to this was he had been raised never
to discriminate against anyone because of their ethnicity. As he proved his
worth, Pittsburgh loved Roberto; his number was changed from 13 to 20, the
number of letters in his full name.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-CJgpWN7ZY1Y/Wf_aoKpvFsI/AAAAAAAAAUY/Au-pQlvGtfQ1NoZzEkmqJu7dgx1ocqD9QCLcBGAs/s1600/images%2B%25283%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="225" data-original-width="225" height="200" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-CJgpWN7ZY1Y/Wf_aoKpvFsI/AAAAAAAAAUY/Au-pQlvGtfQ1NoZzEkmqJu7dgx1ocqD9QCLcBGAs/s200/images%2B%25283%2529.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">In 1958 he
signed for the U.S. Marine Corps. Under their rigorous training he gained ten
pounds and had no back problems. By then Roberto was so invaluable to the
Pirates team that State Senator John M. Walker sent a letter to U.S. Senator Hugh
Scott requesting his early release from the Marines in 1959. Roberto remained a
Marine Reserve until September, 1964.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His
rewards in baseball were many, culminating when he earned the World Series Most
Valuable Player trophy. When he retired from his professional playing days with the Pirates after 18 outstanding seasons, his number 20 was retired.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Yet far outflanking those from baseball are his rewards in the life he has
lived, in what he has done to help others. He helped financially, never to gain
recognition for himself but simply because he could, and wanted to. He cared about children
especially; his dream was to build a ‘Sports City’ where young Puerto Ricans
would have access to coaching in many sports, facilities, and encouragement. In
the off-season he taught baseball and ran free clinics for kids in Puerto Rico,
especially those from poorer families. He loved his country and did much to
raise the status of Puerto Rico and Latin America in the world’s eyes. He was
involved in a great deal of charity work, and when Managua, the capital of
Nicaragua, was hit by a massive earthquake on 23<sup>rd</sup> December, 1972 he
immediately began arranging relief flights. When he heard the aid on the first
three flights had been siphoned off by the corrupt officials and never reached
the victims he decided to go on the fourth flight himself, in hopes his
presence would shame them into honesty. On December 31<sup>st</sup> he set off
on an overloaded plane with an incompetent crew. It crashed into the Atlantic
Ocean immediately after takeoff due to engine failure. Roberto’s body has never
been recovered, but his legacy lives on in the selfless work he did during his
lifetime.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-KjfOwS4EgeE/Wf_chjyfjHI/AAAAAAAAAUo/n86EOFsshNEse06yG9jaUfJ0qI1QGjAEgCLcBGAs/s1600/th23WEJDL7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="212" data-original-width="286" height="148" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-KjfOwS4EgeE/Wf_chjyfjHI/AAAAAAAAAUo/n86EOFsshNEse06yG9jaUfJ0qI1QGjAEgCLcBGAs/s200/th23WEJDL7.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>***<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And now we
come to the last of our sports heroes, who was in his own words a really rotten
kid, Louis Zamperini. With co-author David Rensin, in his book ‘Don’t Give Up,
Don’t Give In’ he speaks for those kids who are seen to be seriously off the
tracks. </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8rLDJ1Pf0IY/Wf_dBZ4y4_I/AAAAAAAAAUs/gq9vDr8KcX0mMmVhaM2bfjPcB_bHibPEwCLcBGAs/s1600/Zamperini.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="959" data-original-width="539" height="200" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8rLDJ1Pf0IY/Wf_dBZ4y4_I/AAAAAAAAAUs/gq9vDr8KcX0mMmVhaM2bfjPcB_bHibPEwCLcBGAs/s200/Zamperini.jpg" width="111" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Born in America of Italian parents who spoke
Italian at home, he went to kindergarten in California speaking very little
English, and very poorly at that. He hated recess when the other kids would
surround him to taunt and jeer, to punch and kick him over his poor English,
his wiry hair, and big ears. Eventually his father made him a punch bag, so
that Louis learned to fight back – and win.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">His older
brother Pete was the model son who could do no wrong, and Louis the changeling
child who could do no right. He felt he could never live up to Pete, so Louis
set out to be as bad as he possibly could be. He was forever getting into
trouble with the police, with school, and with his parents. One would think
Pete might get fed up with Louis but he never did. He loved his little brother
and when all three of the authorities mentioned above were at their wits end,
Pete took Louis to the local steel mill, where the workers ‘looked hot, greasy,
and dirty’. Louis was aghast. He didn’t want to end up like that, and Pete
pointed out that’s exactly where he would end up, unless he smartened up. He
warned Louis that no one could force him to turn his life around – he had to
want to do that himself.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">The school
officials decided to give Louis another chance, especially after Pete suggested
sports. Too small for football, Louis was entered in an interclass race to run
the 660 yards with the promise if he ran, his school slate would be wiped
clean. He ran. He came in last, in pain and suffering from having smoked since
he was six years old. But the running bug had caught him. He ran, and in
running and eventually winning, he found self-respect. He set himself to learn
at school, recognizing the importance of education.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Adrift on a
raft in the Pacific Ocean for many days before being captured by the Japanese
in WWll, Louis endured the brutality of their prison camps. Beaten day after
day, he stubbornly refused to give in. When he was finally liberated and
returned to America, at first it was great and then it appeared Louis was once
again on the slippery slopes. Until his wife persuaded him to hear Billy
Graham. Louis finally realised hatred consumes and destroys the person who
hates, and accepted Christ in his life. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He worked tirelessly to help young people
improve their lives, applying Christ’s teaching of love and tolerance. He was unsentimental, tough
yet always encouraging, always pushing them to strive for their best. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">***</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacingCxSpLast">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">All pictures
are, to the best I can ascertain, in the public domain. And to those who query
why my name isn’t on the authors list, it’s because Chris started this blog,
and I don’t want to mess it up.</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;"></span><br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00417525116189270503noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8824747592235020721.post-14920058276629378572017-09-07T12:23:00.000-07:002017-09-07T12:23:48.999-07:00Who Was Robert E. Lee? By Elizabeth W.C. Junner<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">As
American children start their new school year, what will they be reading in their
history books now that many States are launching an attack on some heroes of American
history? It is not the purpose of this blog to dwell on the recent ugly
incidents in Charlottesville, Virginia, but to write about General Robert E. Lee
does seem appropriate. I’d like to find the reasoning behind the Charlottesville
mayor and council’s desire to remove the statue of General Lee.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">I
know nothing about America’s Civil War other than that it followed a bare seventy-eight
years after the War of Independence from Great Britain, and pitted followers of
Abraham Lincoln in the North against those of Jefferson Davis in the South. I
have read a little about heroes from both sides. Ulysses S. Grant and William
Tecumseh Sherman turned the tide of battle to victory for the North, yet it is the
Generals from the South, Robert E. Lee and Thomas ‘Stonewall’ Jackson <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>whose are the names most often heard, spoken
almost with reverence.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">Why
should the town worthies of a Southern State be so adamant in their desire to
remove the statue of their champion General Lee, seated on his famous horse
Traveller, from its position? Doesn’t this amount, at the very least, to wanton
destruction of an important piece of art? The mayor and town councillors are
not only removing a statue which adds a measure of distinction to the town,
they are in effect dismissing as irrelevant one of the most important figures from
a major episode in the history of the United States. <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KqtYaMMvqVg/WbGaGh27NwI/AAAAAAAAASI/21077xsUk3YT_bMifKah-x80ryJgDHHDQCLcBGAs/s1600/General%2BLee%2Band%2BTraveller.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="865" data-original-width="1200" height="230" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KqtYaMMvqVg/WbGaGh27NwI/AAAAAAAAASI/21077xsUk3YT_bMifKah-x80ryJgDHHDQCLcBGAs/s320/General%2BLee%2Band%2BTraveller.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">General Lee and Traveller</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">This
is America’s history; for good or bad. I quote from Robert E. Lee here,
“Everyone should do all in his power to collect and disseminate the truth, in
the hope that it may find a place in history and descend to posterity.”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">So
I checked to see what was so heinous about General Lee. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">Robert
Edward Lee was born 19<sup>th</sup> January, 1807, the son of Colonel Henry Lee
and his wife Ann. When Robert was eleven years old his father died of injuries
sustained in the Baltimore riot. Raised by his mother, he entered West Point
military academy from where he graduated second in his class, without one
demerit and with perfect scores in artillery, infantry and cavalry.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">Lee
married Mary Custis, the great-granddaughter of Martha Washington through her
first marriage. His army duties took him all across America as he rose from Assistant
to the Chief Engineer of the Army to Captain. In 1846 he rendered distinguished
service in the war with Mexico. For this he received glowing praise from his
commander.1848 saw Lee stationed in Mexico, then for three years he was
Superintendent of West Point Academy. As Lieutenant Colonel of the Second
Cavalry he served against Indians in Texas. He suppressed John Brown’s
insurrection, and was appointed Colonel of the First Cavalry.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">Then
came the rumblings of war, North against South. Again I quote General Lee,
‘There is a terrible war coming, and these young men who have never seen war
cannot wait for it to happen, but I tell you, I wish that I owned every slave
in the South, for I would free them all to avoid this war.’ </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">On
16<sup>th</sup> April, 1861, Abraham Lincoln summoned Lee and offered him the
command of the United States Armies. This Lee refused, and on 20<sup>th</sup>
April he resigned his commission in the army. He stated, ‘with all my devotion
to the Union, and the feeling of loyalty and duty of an American citizen, I
have not been able to make up my mind to raise my hand against my relative, my
children, my home. I have, therefore, resigned my commission in the Army’ Three
days later he accepted command of the Virginia forces under President Jefferson
Davis.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">‘What
a cruel thing war is…to fill our hearts with hatred instead of love for our
neighbours’ and the Christian Lee was always evident, ‘I have never cherished
towards (the people of the North) bitter or vindictive feelings. And I have
never seen the day when I did not pray for them.’ </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">Robert
E. Lee exhibited his astute military command, winning many victories against a
vastly superior force. Always, he considered the ordinary people – he took care
to intrude upon their lives as little as possible. He had in General T.J.
‘Stonewall’ Jackson a most able military man and good friend. Jackson’s death,
from friendly fire, affected Lee grievously.<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-z6K6TR894XM/WbGawG0JYTI/AAAAAAAAASQ/8TVU5VZgQFgpx8ZpaZp367NluO8ScAXNACLcBGAs/s1600/A%2Bweary%2BGeneral%2BLee%2Band%2BTraveller.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="790" data-original-width="846" height="298" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-z6K6TR894XM/WbGawG0JYTI/AAAAAAAAASQ/8TVU5VZgQFgpx8ZpaZp367NluO8ScAXNACLcBGAs/s320/A%2Bweary%2BGeneral%2BLee%2Band%2BTraveller.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A weary General Lee, despondent after Jackson's death: 'I have lost my right arm'.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">In the end, with his small, staunchly loyal band seriously depleted due to death on the battlefield and
death from disease, General Robert Edward Lee lost his last battle when
Richmond fell on April 3<sup>rd</sup>, 1865.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“I suppose there is nothing for me to do but
go and see General Grant,” he told an aide. “And I would rather die a thousand
deaths.” </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">Pardoned
by Lincoln and Grant, Lee ended his days as President of Washington College,
now Washington and Lee University. This was a man who exhorted Americans to
“Abandon your animosities and make your sons American.” What’s to revile? What
not to respect? Or, to quote the Bard in finish:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">…Nature
might stand up And say to all the world, ‘This was a man!’</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ynBJx0flOog/WbGcG_Zh7GI/AAAAAAAAASc/Cmx4C1TusBE5vUyYxa24tuPBOTy8WHYqQCLcBGAs/s1600/General%2BRobert%2BEdward%2BLee.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="700" data-original-width="487" height="320" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ynBJx0flOog/WbGcG_Zh7GI/AAAAAAAAASc/Cmx4C1TusBE5vUyYxa24tuPBOTy8WHYqQCLcBGAs/s320/General%2BRobert%2BEdward%2BLee.jpg" width="222" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">General Robert E. Lee</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-z6K6TR894XM/WbGawG0JYTI/AAAAAAAAASU/lHJghl49iOwtxqLnM3XrjaGEYMEZicdWgCEwYBhgL/s1600/A%2Bweary%2BGeneral%2BLee%2Band%2BTraveller.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"></span></a></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00417525116189270503noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8824747592235020721.post-65242792717156179172017-09-07T06:01:00.001-07:002017-09-08T10:36:40.276-07:00Who Was Robert E. Lee? by E.W.C. Junner<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">As
American children start their new school year, what will they be reading in their
history books now that many States are launching an attack on some heroes of American
history? It is not the purpose of this blog to dwell on the recent ugly
incidents in Charlottesville, Virginia, but to write about General Robert E. Lee
does seem appropriate. I’d like to find the reasoning behind the Charlottesville
mayor and council’s desire to remove the statue of General Lee.</span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">I
know nothing about America’s Civil War other than that it followed a bare seventy-eight
years after the War of Independence from Great Britain, and pitted followers of
Abraham Lincoln in the North against those of Jefferson Davis in the South. I
have read a little about heroes from both sides. Ulysses S. Grant and William
Tecumseh Sherman turned the tide of battle to victory for the North, yet it is the
Generals from the South, Robert E. Lee and Thomas ‘Stonewall’ Jackson <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>whose are the names most often heard, spoken
almost with reverence.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">Why
should the town worthies of a Southern State be so adamant in their desire to
remove the statue of their champion General Lee, seated on his famous horse
Traveller, from its position? Doesn’t this amount, at the very least, to wanton
destruction of an important piece of art? The mayor and town councillors are
not only removing a statue which adds a measure of distinction to the town,
they are in effect dismissing as irrelevant one of the most important figures from
a major episode in the history of the United States. </span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fCaMHJPbhbU/WbFAuoB1DVI/AAAAAAAAARk/3snClbQpAUknequCM6fePHVWbPkQq7jigCEwYBhgL/s1600/General%2BLee%2Band%2BTraveller.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="865" data-original-width="1200" height="230" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fCaMHJPbhbU/WbFAuoB1DVI/AAAAAAAAARk/3snClbQpAUknequCM6fePHVWbPkQq7jigCEwYBhgL/s320/General%2BLee%2Band%2BTraveller.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">General Lee on Traveller</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">This
is America’s history; for good or bad. I quote from Robert E. Lee here,
“Everyone should do all in his power to collect and disseminate the truth, in
the hope that it may find a place in history and descend to posterity.”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">So
I checked to see what was so heinous about General Lee. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">Robert
Edward Lee was born 19<sup>th</sup> January, 1807, the son of Colonel Henry Lee
and his wife Ann. When Robert was eleven years old his father died of injuries
sustained in the Baltimore riot. Raised by his mother, he entered West Point
military academy from where he graduated second in his class, without one
demerit and with perfect scores in artillery, infantry and cavalry.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">Lee
married Mary Custis, the great-granddaughter of Martha Washington through her
first marriage. His army duties took him all across America as he rose from Assistant
to the Chief Engineer of the Army to Captain. In 1846 he rendered distinguished
service in the war with Mexico. For this he received glowing praise from his
commander.1848 saw Lee stationed in Mexico, then for three years he was
Superintendent of West Point Academy. As Lieutenant Colonel of the Second
Cavalry he served against Indians in Texas. He suppressed John Brown’s
insurrection, and was appointed Colonel of the First Cavalry.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">Then
came the rumblings of war, North against South. Again I quote General Lee,
‘There is a terrible war coming, and these young men who have never seen war
cannot wait for it to happen, but I tell you, I wish that I owned every slave
in the South, for I would free them all to avoid this war.’ </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">On
16<sup>th</sup> April, 1861, Abraham Lincoln summoned Lee and offered him the
command of the United States Armies. This Lee refused, and on 20<sup>th</sup>
April he resigned his commission in the army. He stated, ‘with all my devotion
to the Union, and the feeling of loyalty and duty of an American citizen, I
have not been able to make up my mind to raise my hand against my relative, my
children, my home. I have, therefore, resigned my commission in the Army’ Three
days later he accepted command of the Virginia forces under President Jefferson
Davis.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">‘What
a cruel thing war is…to fill our hearts with hatred instead of love for our
neighbours’ and the Christian Lee was always evident, ‘I have never cherished
towards (the people of the North) bitter or vindictive feelings. And I have
never seen the day when I did not pray for them.’ </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">Robert
E. Lee exhibited his astute military command, winning many victories against a
vastly superior force. Always, he considered the ordinary people – he took care
to intrude upon their lives as little as possible. He had in General T.J.
‘Stonewall’ Jackson a most able military man and good friend. Jackson’s death,
from friendly fire, affected Lee grievously. </span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-QX0f84MD8K4/WbFByzzaGlI/AAAAAAAAARs/wjQyQiRzuQ8Kg25RFsFjckRMV5KB5alQwCLcBGAs/s1600/A%2Bweary%2BGeneral%2BLee%2Band%2BTraveller.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="790" data-original-width="846" height="298" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-QX0f84MD8K4/WbFByzzaGlI/AAAAAAAAARs/wjQyQiRzuQ8Kg25RFsFjckRMV5KB5alQwCLcBGAs/s320/A%2Bweary%2BGeneral%2BLee%2Band%2BTraveller.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A weary and despondent-looking General Lee after the death of Jackson. "I have lost my right arm."</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">In
the end, his small band severely depleted due to death on the battlefield and
death from disease, General Robert Edward Lee lost his last battle when
Richmond fell on April 3<sup>rd</sup>, 1865.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“I suppose there is nothing for me to do but
go and see General Grant,” he told an aide. “And I would rather die a thousand
deaths.” </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">Pardoned
by Lincoln and Grant, Lee ended his days as President of Washington College,
now Washington and Lee University. This was a man who exhorted Americans to
“Abandon your animosities and make your sons American.” What’s to revile? What
not to respect? Or, to quote the Bard in finish:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">…Nature
might stand up And say to all the world, ‘This was a man!’ <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-C5aVXIxzFE4/WbFCiNlAXfI/AAAAAAAAAR0/nGhhxv3uikYZ8-0KXUHqK808sMCmZgVZACLcBGAs/s1600/General%2BRobert%2BEdward%2BLee.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="700" data-original-width="487" height="320" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-C5aVXIxzFE4/WbFCiNlAXfI/AAAAAAAAAR0/nGhhxv3uikYZ8-0KXUHqK808sMCmZgVZACLcBGAs/s320/General%2BRobert%2BEdward%2BLee.jpg" width="222" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">General Robert Edward Lee<span style="background-color: #d9ead3;"></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00417525116189270503noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8824747592235020721.post-32497373137042417132017-04-01T12:09:00.002-07:002017-04-01T12:09:48.520-07:00MR MIDSHIPMAN HORNBLOWER
<br />
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px;">In his Hornblower
stories C.S. Forester combines historical accuracy with exciting adventure. We
</span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px;">meet seventeen year old Horatio in the first book, Mr. Midshipman Hornblower,
when he is </span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px;">commissioned to service as a midshipman in the Royal Navy. The date
is January, 1794, five years </span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px;">after the start of the French Revolution.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-eLeFRuW_PyY/WN_5Ux_pLwI/AAAAAAAAAHA/4Xw9yQFSKuQKFIKdMD1rBPZjmlQPfdjzgCLcB/s1600/Mr.%2BMidshipman%2BHornblower.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-eLeFRuW_PyY/WN_5Ux_pLwI/AAAAAAAAAHA/4Xw9yQFSKuQKFIKdMD1rBPZjmlQPfdjzgCLcB/s200/Mr.%2BMidshipman%2BHornblower.jpg" width="123" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px;">Horatio is a quiet lad,
not really at ease in society, totally inexperienced and further burdened by a
</span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px;">nervous stutter. Like his famous namesake, Horatio Nelson, young Hornblower is
desperately seasick</span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px;">at the start of every voyage. Added to Hornblower’s
inadequacies for adaption to life at sea is his fear </span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px;">of heights, so it is
scarcely surprising he is given a really hard time by his fellow midshipmen who
</span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px;">consider him totally unfit for a life at sea. </span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xAAFQ87RM88/WN_5nLagP3I/AAAAAAAAAHE/TtXngp768w4eHCiOYk8JFOq1IIg3DCTjACLcB/s1600/The%2BHappy%2BReturn%2B-%2BCopy.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xAAFQ87RM88/WN_5nLagP3I/AAAAAAAAAHE/TtXngp768w4eHCiOYk8JFOq1IIg3DCTjACLcB/s200/The%2BHappy%2BReturn%2B-%2BCopy.JPG" width="119" /></a><span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px;">Though desperately unhappy, Hornblower carries out his duties faithfully and well. The worst of Horatio's bullies is Midshipman Simpson, a man in his thirties who has failed the Lieutenant's exam so many times he knows he will never get promotion. Simpson finally goads Hornblower into challenging him to a duel with pistols. The ship's captain is informed of this and, by now well aware of Hornblower's potential, steps in to ensure neither pistol is loaded. Later the captain arranges for Hornblower's transfer to another ship, HMS Indefatigable. Aboard Indefatigable Hornblower is plunged into war with the French. He is given charge of a captured brig, loses it, tangles with Spaniards, is confined to a Spanish prison, and finally released.</span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; margin: 0px;"><div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
Arrived back in England, Hornblower achieves the rank of Lieutenant. </div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px;">In The Happy Return (entitled Beat to Quarters in the U.S.A.), he is now a
Captain, under orders to</span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px;">sail his frigate, HMS Lydia, into South American
waters to track down, pursue and sink the Spanish</span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px;">two-decker Natividad, a ship
with nearly twice as much firepower as the Lydia. </span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px;">Having successfully completed his mission to
sink the Natividad, Hornblower sets out in quest of</span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px;">further victories. </span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-QYDGlfyBZ-8/WN_5-vFeeKI/AAAAAAAAAHI/m8aMLUkEgSsyxtnCCw05kthhG32d80IxgCLcB/s1600/A%2Bship%2Bof%2BThe%2BLine%2B-%2BCopy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-QYDGlfyBZ-8/WN_5-vFeeKI/AAAAAAAAAHI/m8aMLUkEgSsyxtnCCw05kthhG32d80IxgCLcB/s200/A%2Bship%2Bof%2BThe%2BLine%2B-%2BCopy.jpg" width="154" /></a></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px;">Alas, in A Ship of the
Line, Hornblower meets with ignominious defeat and the </span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px;">humiliation of yielding
his ship to the French. He himself is taken prisoner. </span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
</div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
From the confines of the French prison, and with his own execution imminent, Hornblower </div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
witnesses firsthand the horrors of the guillotine. Eventually he escapes from Napoleon's marinets </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-KtfbyJTFsKU/WN_6PjHOSHI/AAAAAAAAAHM/0iLLisnagIodSlJICu2OhVC_xOQtxvszACLcB/s1600/Flying%2BColours.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-KtfbyJTFsKU/WN_6PjHOSHI/AAAAAAAAAHM/0iLLisnagIodSlJICu2OhVC_xOQtxvszACLcB/s1600/Flying%2BColours.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><img border="0" height="200" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-KtfbyJTFsKU/WN_6PjHOSHI/AAAAAAAAAHM/0iLLisnagIodSlJICu2OhVC_xOQtxvszACLcB/s200/Flying%2BColours.JPG" style="cursor: move;" width="170" /><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-KtfbyJTFsKU/WN_6PjHOSHI/AAAAAAAAAHM/0iLLisnagIodSlJICu2OhVC_xOQtxvszACLcB/s1600/Flying%2BColours.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
as he is being taken to face a firing squad.</div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
With many adventures along the road, Hornblower makes his way down the Loire and to freedom in </div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
Flying Colours.</div>
</span><div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
Hornblower and the Crisis brings our Hero to the Battle of Trafalgar and, in fierce hand-to-hand</div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
fighting, the most desperate battle of his life.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uWhiekhMo3I/WN_6hosa7CI/AAAAAAAAAHQ/-aiQ6gjk728lRPZwiWtS7-iA-eeKA4RBACLcB/s1600/Hornblower%2Band%2Bthe%2BCrisis%2B-%2BCopy.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uWhiekhMo3I/WN_6hosa7CI/AAAAAAAAAHQ/-aiQ6gjk728lRPZwiWtS7-iA-eeKA4RBACLcB/s200/Hornblower%2Band%2Bthe%2BCrisis%2B-%2BCopy.JPG" width="124" /></a></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
Following the death of Lord Nelson at Trafalgar, Horatio leaves a nation in mourning and returns to </div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
the fray against Bonaparte's navy in Hornblower and the Atropos.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-g6hqYHPhnLQ/WN_60NdE0CI/AAAAAAAAAHU/tOTuZ1kxMYQgI1LM-UXaPocpo4C5-BwSACLcB/s1600/Hornblower%2Band%2Bthe%2B%2527Atropos%2527%2B-%2BCopy.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-g6hqYHPhnLQ/WN_60NdE0CI/AAAAAAAAAHU/tOTuZ1kxMYQgI1LM-UXaPocpo4C5-BwSACLcB/s320/Hornblower%2Band%2Bthe%2B%2527Atropos%2527%2B-%2BCopy.JPG" width="219" /></a></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
To conclude this blog, when asked what he thought of the Hornblower books, a youthful reader enthused, "Oh, they're incomparable. Terrific writing. C.S. Forester is fantastically knowledgeable but never tedious on technical things. You get such a feel for the period. The lifestyles, politics, attitudes, day to day living, all that sort of thing. And with gripping stories underpinning it all."</div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0cm;">
What greater praise could be given the series, what greater hook to entice young readers to historical fiction?</div>
</span>
<b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike><br /></strike><br />
<strike><br /></strike>
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00417525116189270503noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8824747592235020721.post-61767384410407392902017-03-28T12:56:00.001-07:002017-03-28T12:56:07.264-07:00Dogs At War<!--[if !mso]>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">Throughout
history when men have gone to war, so have their dogs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The first story here, War Dog, by Henry
Treece (1911-66), is a stirring tale set in south-eastern Britain, A.D.
43.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XDwhOzNawMA/WNq-w2s5i9I/AAAAAAAAAGI/6xUbmeYcr5Ma-tqxdzJiE6DHoG6dtn5swCLcB/s1600/Bran.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XDwhOzNawMA/WNq-w2s5i9I/AAAAAAAAAGI/6xUbmeYcr5Ma-tqxdzJiE6DHoG6dtn5swCLcB/s200/Bran.jpg" width="129" /></a><span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">Bran
was a black, rough-haired pup who was entrusted to Gwyn, son of the
Catavellauni king’s hound keeper, to rear and train as a war-dog. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When old enough, he was taken to the
blacksmith and fitted with the broad bronze collar that would protect his
vulnerable throat in confrontations with wild animals. Once Bran had
sufficiently honed his attack skills against wolves, he was tested against a different
foe – a Silurian prisoner.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Though unused
to fighting a man and at first bewildered, Bran won this fight. Now he was
ready for war, and his bronze collar was overlaid with a massive spiked collar.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">In
AD43, Claudius launched an invasion of Britain. Bran accompanied Gwyn and his
master, Caratacus, King of the Catavellauni, to war against the Roman
invaders.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Though the Catavellauni fought
bravely, their chariots and stallions were no match for the great number of
heavily armoured Romans and their elephants.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>At the battle’s end, Caratacus was led off prisoner, Gwyn lay dead on
the field, and Bran was beaten unconscious and left for dead as he lay over
Gwyn’s body. </span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">He
did not die, however; there were more adventures for Bran before his journey’s
end, in Rome, far away from south eastern Britain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">While
Henry Treece does not gloss over the hardships, cruelties and uncertainties of
the time, he reminds us that the Ancient Britons were not savages but much like
ourselves, albeit minus radio, telephones, cell phones, satellites, and
television. This neat little book artfully combines an action tale with history,
and includes two pages of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>historical fact
at the end. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-eo2GGLRAyuc/WNq_L0T-LJI/AAAAAAAAAGM/_Ywqd8dP0a84QvtHy54jm_CdWO-MqzYIACLcB/s1600/20170121_191916.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-eo2GGLRAyuc/WNq_L0T-LJI/AAAAAAAAAGM/_Ywqd8dP0a84QvtHy54jm_CdWO-MqzYIACLcB/s200/20170121_191916.jpg" width="112" /></a></div>
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Although Judy’s
story is fact, not fiction, she was such a heroine of the war in the Pacific, she
deserves recognition.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Robert Weintraub’s
book is a children’s version of his earlier adult book. It is a gripping tale
of one amazing dog, a true heroine if ever there was one.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Judy was born in a kennel for British
citizens in Shanghai.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ever adventurous, she
escaped from the outdoor pen at just a few weeks old. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her first encounter was then, when a Japanese
sailor kicked the tiny pup across the street. This, Judy’s first encounter with
them, led to a lifelong dislike of Japanese. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Luckily, shortly afterwards a girl who worked
at the kennel found the pup and took Judy back.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8824747592235020721" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8824747592235020721" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8824747592235020721" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8824747592235020721" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8824747592235020721" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8824747592235020721" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8824747592235020721" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8824747592235020721" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8824747592235020721" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8824747592235020721" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8824747592235020721" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8824747592235020721" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">The
story goes from Judy’s days as a Royal Navy ship’s mascot on a gunboat in the
Yangtze River to her ship being bombed, her long and dangerous trek through the
jungle, her narrow escape when she attacked a crocodile while saving ‘her men’,
to her days as an official Prisoner of War, and her many narrow squeaks from
being shot by the Japanese guards.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Throughout, Judy went about her work of alerting people to imminent
danger, saving many lives, and comforting those in distress.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The last man she attached herself to was
Frank Williams, who she sensed was desperately in need of a friend.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">While
it is a harrowing tale, it does have some funny incidents and young readers
will be happy to learn<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in 1946 Judy was
awarded the Dickins medal, the canine equivalent of the Victoria Cross.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/--V0575Y2gZA/WNq_pFGR2CI/AAAAAAAAAGQ/JN-wPNhWGvc67N8TsggLd6d1xZl50y5DwCLcB/s1600/20170125_202853%2B%25283%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/--V0575Y2gZA/WNq_pFGR2CI/AAAAAAAAAGQ/JN-wPNhWGvc67N8TsggLd6d1xZl50y5DwCLcB/s200/20170125_202853%2B%25283%2529.jpg" width="136" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">My
last choice is the stories of three dogs, from the foul trenches of the first World
War, to Greenland in the early days of WWll, and finally to Vietnam. <span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">Sheila
Keenan provides the text and Nathan Fox the illustrations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I must confess I couldn’t follow the graphics
– too much – but I am prepared to believe they will appeal to a reluctant
reader.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">The
first story is of Marcellinus, dubbed Donnie, and his Border Collie Boots.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In December, 1914, they followed Dr. Fulham
to Ypres with the Nova Scotia Highlanders. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A white band round his middle, with a broad
Red Cross either side, denoted Boots was a mercy dog.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her task was to crawl into no-man’s-land
after dark to sniff out wounded men; she could even detect life in those left
for dead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then she would guide the
stretcher bearers to the rescue.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After
one tremendous, blinding explosion Donnie and Boots were separated from the
doctor and ended up with an Irish regiment. Boots managed to catch a goose,
which made a welcome change from army rations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The story ends with Boots rescuing a wounded Donnie, and both being
reunited with Dr. Fulham.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">The
second story is a totally different setting, a brand new American Air Force
base in icy Greenland, spring 1942. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>New
recruit Cooper is assigned to work the dog team. Loki, the only white dog on
the team is labelled “tricky – he’ll do anything for food and is hard to
handle,” by the sergeant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cooper forms
an immediate bond with Loki, much to the sergeant’s annoyance. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When the sergeant learns Nazis have come on an
espionage mission, he sets out on reconnaissance. Cooper, with Loki leading the
team, goes with him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From then on it’s
all action – they hear, but cannot see, another sled – Nazis?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An American plane goes down close to them,
when they reach it there’s only the pilot alive.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He’s badly injured. The ice starts to move,
there’s a top secret weapon aboard the plane, it cannot fall into enemy
hands.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One hazard follows another, and
Cooper has to depend on Loki’s smarts, strength, and courage to succeed in his
mission.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">The
third story hinges between August 1968 in North Carolina and 1967-68 in Dau
Tieng, Vietnam.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Henryis lonely.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His mother assured<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>him North Carolina, where she came from,
would be special.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But the trailer park
was anything but special that summer – no other kids, and old Mrs.Johnson who
‘thought she was special because she was the only one with a working television,
and kept it blaring all the time to let folk know’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The trailer next to Henry’s was empty. One
day his mother brought home a Beagle pup that Henry named Bouncer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Alas, Bouncer fell foul of Mrs Johnson.
Tibbets, the park manager arrived just in time to see Bouncer knock over a
trash can. He told Henry he had to get rid of Bouncer, or he would.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The ‘empty’ trailer door opens, and Lanford
orders Henry to pick up the trash.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Tibbets yelps that he won’t stand for it…Lanford grabs Tibbets by the
shirt front and stares him down.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tibbets
goes off, muttering, “Crazy Vet, crazy Vet”, which leads to Lanford having
nightmares about Vietnam.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">Bouncer
leaps on him as he lies in his lounger outside his trailer, waking Lanford who
commanded, “Down!” and much to Henry’s surprise, Bouncer obeyed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Lanford had a dog once.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">He
helped Henry train Bouncer, and little by little man and boy became
friends.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Lanford is a super artist. His
trailer is full of drawings, of Vietnam, his buddy Hado, and his beloved German
Shepherd bitch, Sheba.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She was one
wonderful dog. The graphics portray the hell that was Vietnam, Lanford’s pain
when Hado was blown apart and still tried to joke, and, even worse when he had
to leave Sheba behind.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;">This
story leaves the young reader with a lot of questions, because there are a lot
of Lanfords out there, now coming from Iran and Afghanistan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The colours
chosen for the graphics are evocative of the particular times; the khakis,
oranges, scarlet and shadows of the trenches, the starkness of the Arctic, the
camouflage greens and duns of Vietnam.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>As I’ve said, the written word is more powerful for me, but the
bilingual eleven year old grandchild to whom I gave this book loves it.</span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00417525116189270503noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8824747592235020721.post-20787040055240164072016-04-21T20:09:00.000-07:002016-04-21T20:09:15.133-07:00SOLDIER OF CONSCIENCE<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Soldier of Conscience</span></b></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-weight: normal;">That’s the title of my work in progress,
detailing the adventures of Luke Boniface who at the age of fifteen found
himself among the ranks of Benedict Arnold’s army marching north from Maine
towards the land called Kebec, or, as the French settlers called it, Québec.</span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-weight: normal;">Luke, the fourth youngest of the six Boniface
sons, had no real interest in the politics of the day; his reasons for joining
Arnold’s group were twofold, and simple.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>One was to find his elder brother Isaac, who had left the family farm
and gone north to seek land and a farm of his own.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The second was simply to seek adventure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The trail from Maine to Québec was harsh and
dangerous, Luke had been told.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This fired
his sense of adventure even more.</span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-weight: normal;">The Boniface family farm would pass to
Matthew, the eldest son. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Matthew was a
true countryman, placid, hardworking, who loved the land.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Isaac was ambitious, romantic, and
adventurous.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had no wish to spend his
life as a labourer on his brother’s farm, so when he heard the land beyond the
Kenebec River was richly arable, and there was so much of it, he decided to
head north in quest of some of that land.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In the two years since, only a couple of letters had been received from
him and Luke’s mother fretted over this long silence from her second son.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She worried some ill had befallen him.</span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-weight: normal;">Luke wished there was some way he could
set his mother’s mind at rest, but he had neither the money nor the information
to go seeking Isaac.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then he heard
Benedict Arnold was coming to speak at the town hall and made certain he was
among those gathered to hear the fiery, fuelled with vigour man .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Arnold’s mission was to urge all able-bodied
men to follow him on his march to take Québec City. </span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There
and then Luke saw how he could kill two birds with one stone, so to speak.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If he joined Arnold’s forces he was sure not
only to encounter lots of adventure but to seek Isaac also.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Naturally, his mother was not happy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With Isaac gone, and Joshua, her third son,
at a seminary, poor Mrs. Boniface was going to be left with only her husband the
dependable Matthew, and her daughters.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-weight: normal;">Now her youngest wanted to join a ragtag
army and head off through Lord knew what dangers!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is not to be wondered at she was not at
all happy at the prospect of her baby.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Luke was persuasive, and in the end was allowed to go.</span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-weight: normal;">Had he known just what awaited him on the
arduous march through the dense woods, bitter cold in the winter months, hot,
humid and alive with blackflies and mosquitoes in summer, he would not have
been quite so excited.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, adventure,
danger and excitement a-plenty he did find.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Much of it excited Luke’s conscience.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Follow orders, or do what to him seemed right?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the end, Luke even found romance… a
romance which set him yet another dilemma.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Should he continue with Arnold or – should he follow his conscience?</span></div>
<br />
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00417525116189270503noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8824747592235020721.post-6324706935235148482016-01-02T03:54:00.000-08:002016-01-02T03:54:39.520-08:00<!--[if !mso]>
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<br />
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Christmastide</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;">'Tis
Christmastide, season of goodwill to all men.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I thought of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Christmas at the
time my book is set, in the bleak years of 1939-45, when Britain and her allies
were at war with Nazi Germany and Japan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Then I got to thinking about Christmas customs in different countries,
and decided to write about some of them.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-weight: normal;"></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Despite the restrictions in wartime Britain,
Christmas was still celebrated, if in a more muted fashion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The various church youth groups held parties,
for which harassed mothers were pressed into making sandwiches and baking.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In school, we had nativity plays stretched
into class concerts; art paper was glued into paper chains to brighten drab
halls, and calendars, made from last year’s hoarded Christmas cards and little
calendar tabs procured by the teacher, were diligently manufactured gifts for
parents, grandparents, and aunties.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Letters with wishes written to Santa Claus were set alight in the fire,
and dispatched up the chimney.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Don’t ask
me why – I never did find out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Scots
mothers could threaten their unruly offspring with, “You’ll get nothing but a
lump of coal or a pile of cinders in your stocking if ye don’t behave.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It worked, for a few minutes at least.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Stockings were hung over the end of the bed
– nobody was going to risk a fire by hanging them at the fireplace - in
expectancy of a wish being fulfilled, along with a silver sixpence (the size of
a dime), an apple, and an orange.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Toys
were few.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Like almost everything else,
paper was hard to come by, and new books a precious rarity; my personal
most-hoped-for gift was a book.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One
cherished discovery on Christmas morning was a John Bull printing outfit.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This was my chance to become a famous author!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Visions of books bearing my name danced in my
head.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I think I exhausted its ink pad
inside a week.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Our family was lucky in
that we always had poultry in some form.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Other families would have a steak pie.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>We didn’t have the English Christmas pudding; Mother’s clootie dumpling
was famous.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This was an enormous pudding
wrapped in a cloth rather than put in a bowl, and set on an upturned soup bowl
over a pot of simmering water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was
served hot with custard.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Into it she
inserted carefully-saved silver threepenny bits (smaller than a dime), wrapped
in parchment paper, for luck.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Our
Christmas began on Christmas Eve and ended twelve days later at Epiphany, when
all cards were taken down.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="" 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" /></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An illustration of the robin is popular on British
Christmas cards.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-weight: normal;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>St. Nicolas and Strewelpeter </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;">The Dutch started their Christmas
celebrations early with the arrival of St. Nicolas and his helper Black Peter
on 5<sup>th</sup> December.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>St. Nicolas’
Day is actually 6<sup>th</sup> December, but in the Netherlands he arrives on
the 5<sup>th</sup>, accompanied by Black Peter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>There are many legends surrounding St. Nicolas, or Sinterklass, one of
them being Peter was an unhappy slave boy that the saint rescued.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From elementary school days, my memory is of
St. Nicolas restoring to life some orphan boys who had been boiled in oil by a
cruel butcher; I have not heard that anywhere else.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dutch children believe that when Peter comes
on December 5<sup>th</sup> with Sinterklass; he carries a huge sack full of
toys which he distributes to good children.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>However – many must be the harassed Dutch mother who has threatened her
offspring with being popped in Black Peter’s sack and carried off, never to be
seen again, if their behaviour is less than angelic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On Christmas Eve, more presents are left for
the good children.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Christmas Day is a
much quieter festival than that of December 5<sup>th and </sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>most families still attend church in the morning
then all gather in the grandparents’, or other family members’ home for a big
family meal.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-weight: normal;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 200%;">St. Lucia<span style="font-weight: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-weight: normal;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;">When our primary
teachers told us how Christmas was celebrated in Sweden, the class opined
Swedish children were lucky.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They
celebrated not twelve but twenty days of Christmas, starting off in great style
with St. Lucia’s Day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>December 13<sup>th</sup>,
the winter solstice and shortest day of their year, was celebrated in pagan
Sweden as a festival of lights.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With the
advent of Christianity, the Swedes renamed their festival of lights ‘St.
Lucia’s Day’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>According to the monks who
brought Christianity to Sweden, Lucia (Lucy means light from lux – Latin for
light, clarity) was a young girl who carried food to the Christians hiding in
the catacombs under Rome to escape Diocletian’s harsh persecution of Christians.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To free her hands for carrying as much food
as possible she lit her path by wearing a circlet of candles round her
head.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She was executed in 304 AD.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>St. Lucia’s day was first widely celebrated
in the late 18<sup>th</sup> century.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Schools and some towns and villages had their own St. Lucia, and a
national St. Lucia was chosen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She was
robed in white and wore a crown of woven lingonberry branches set with lighted
candles on her head.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We in Scotland had
yearly reports on this Swedish festival, and my romantic imagination was fired
by the idea of a ghostly St. Lucia gliding along in her flaming crown.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I remember from photographs ‘St. Lucia’
carried a silver bowl; this probably held the saffron buns popular for this
day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On reflection, I recall some of the
girls looked decidedly uneasy under their flaming headgear!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On Christmas Eve there is a huge feast before
going to church for midnight mass, and presents are delivered that night.</span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Polish
Christmas </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;">Polish friends tell of charming and
colourful traditions in their native land.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They begin at Advent, when the house is cleaned from top to bottom.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Everything, including every window, has to be
washed, and carpets cleaned very thoroughly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Nothing is left out of place as the home is made spick and span for
Christmas Day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Schools hold Nativity
plays which are really more Christmas concerts so that all the children can
take part.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A largely Catholic country,
Christmas Eve is a busy day in Poland, with the great feast occurring that
night.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Legend has it the animals in can
speak at midnight, thus the feast consists mainly of fish and dessert
dishes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To mark the twelve apostles, traditionally
there are twelve different dishes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Tradition also has it that the meal cannot be started until the first
star appears in the sky, which makes an exciting game for the children.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Halfway through the meal, St. Nicolaus (one
of the adults) looks in through the dining room window.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Loud cheers from the children – he has come
to lay presents by the tree in the other room!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Alas, no presents can be opened before the meal is over.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Since each course is punctuated by carol
singing, it can be a very long meal for the excited, impatient children!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Afterwards, everyone hurries off to Midnight
Mass.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Christmas Day and the days through
Epiphany are spent visiting and receiving friends.<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Germany
<span style="font-weight: normal;">had similar festivities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My dear friend Inge loved her Tannenbaum and
all the German Christmas traditions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her
house, the architecture of which was like an illustration from Hansel and
Gretel, was always colourfully and imaginatively decorated inside and out. I
loved hearing her stories of the great German Christmas markets.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I believe there is now a small stall with
traditional German goodies in Princes Street Gardens, Edinburgh, over the
Christmas season.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Stollen bread played
a major part in German Christmas cooking, and many fine food stores in Canada
stock it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It requires two days in the
making, but the smell through the house and the taste of fresh Stollen is
wonderful; ample compensation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>German
families gather on Christmas Eve for an evening of good food, games, music and
singing, and to exchange their presents.</span></span><span style="background: black; border: none black 1.0pt; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 0pt; layout-grid-mode: line; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: X-NONE; mso-bidi-language: X-NONE; mso-border-alt: none black 0cm; mso-fareast-language: X-NONE; mso-font-width: 0%; padding: 0cm;"> </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-weight: normal;"></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;">In Ireland,
Christmas is celebrated very much as it is elsewhere in the western world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One old tradition is still kept by some
people – that of having a large candle lit, set at the main window and left
burning all night long to light the Virgin and Joseph safely on their way as
they journeyed to Bethlehem.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One friend
tells me the custom was to have a candle in every window in the house.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He didn’t tell me how many fires resulted
from this practice, and he himself now has a safety lantern in his
window! <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-weight: normal;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 200%;">My thanks to
German, Polish, and Swedish friends and to <a href="http://www.whychristmas.com/"><span style="color: blue;">www.whyChristmas.com</span></a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And to all of you, a very joyous
Christmastide, good health and a Happy New Year.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-weight: normal;"></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00417525116189270503noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8824747592235020721.post-90650013006524628862015-07-30T18:54:00.001-07:002015-07-30T18:54:04.021-07:00The Princes in the Tower<br />
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<span style="background-color: transparent; letter-spacing: inherit; margin: inherit; padding: inherit;">Wednesday, 29 July 2015</span></h2>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="721156823073443168"></a><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="font-size: 22px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0.75em 0px 0px; position: relative;">
<a href="http://ecjunner.blogspot.ca/2015/07/the-princes-in-tower-and-re-interment.html" style="color: #888888; text-decoration: none;">The Princes in the Tower and the Re-interment of Richard lll.</a></h3>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 15.3333320617676px;"> We live in a violent age, right? Considering we are surrounded by scheming, unscrupulous politicians manipulating the due course of the law to suit their own ends, Presidents and world leaders ‘removing’ perceived opponents, terrorist thugs massacring the innocent, drug dealers blowing away non-payers, and simple thugs with a grudge against the world, I suppose we do. But is this the most violent age in history? I doubt it. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 15.3333320617676px;">Starting with the murder of Abel by his brother, Cain, the history of mankind has been violent since the beginning. Lately, the fashion has been to hearken back to mediaeval times as a more innocent, gentler era. This is hardly the case, colourful though that era was, when one considers the stir made over the recent </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.3333330154419px; line-height: 15.3333330154419px;">re-internment</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 15.3333320617676px;"> on March 26</span></span><sup style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 15.3333320617676px;">th</sup><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 15.3333320617676px;">, 2015, of Richard lll, King of England, previously Richard, Duke of Gloucester, brother of King Edward lV, and the subsequent debates as to his guilt or innocence.<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 15.3333330154419px;">For half a millennium there has been controversy among historians over the question was Richard guilty of his nephews’ murders or not? In her fascinating and meticulously researched book, The Princes in the Tower, Alison Weir reconstructs the tragic chain of events which led to the murder of the Princes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 15.3333330154419px;">She calls upon contemporary chroniclers, the anonymous and cautious ‘Croyland’, the Italians Vergil and Mancini, and the scrupulously honest Sir Thomas More, among others, to back her findings. Weir states that her aim is to settle the controversy, not add to it. She is quite convinced that Richard was guilty and that, if his wasn’t the hand to carry out the deed, his were the orders that had the young Princes murdered. Step by step she recounts the horror story in her clear, vivid prose.</span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 15.3333320617676px;">In 1471 Edward lV acceded the throne of England on the murder of his mentally feeble brother, King Henry Vl. Historians have no doubt that Edward’s was the mind behind his brother’s murder, although the actual deed is now attributed by most to his brother, Richard of Gloucester, with whom Edward had quite recently become reconciled. Richard was ambitious as well as unscrupulous, and Edward was probably always suspicious of him. </span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 15.3333320617676px;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 15.3333320617676px;">Edward lV reigned, a fairly well liked king, until his untimely death after a fishing expedition in April, 1483. This gave Richard the opportunity he awaited; he speedily engineered a coup, had his henchmen remove the faithful guardians of the young King Edward V, had himself proclaimed Lord Protector, and named official guardian of the twelve year-old boy. As clever, personable, and well educated as he was, Edward was still a child and this must have been traumatic and terrifying for him. His uncle, whom he no longer trusted, ordered he be taken to live in the Tower of London, supposedly for his protection and to ready him for his coronation. At that time the Tower was one of the Royal Palaces so Queen Elizabeth, though she hated and feared her brother-in-law, saw no reason to fear young Edward was in any danger there. How wrong could she be? Once there, young Edward, a gentle boy who had been raised with a good education, well-versed in Parliament and the law, archery, and riding, and who had been dearly loved by his parents, was now a prisoner. He never left the Tower. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 15.3333320617676px;">No fool, it was soon apparent to Queen Elizabeth that Gloucester was intent on eliminating her family, the Wydvilles. She now feared for her own life, so she gathered what possessions she could and with her three daughters and her younger son, Richard, Duke of York, took refuge in the Sanctuary at Westminster Abbey. So why on earth she should ever have allowed little Richard, the heir should Edward meet an untimely demise, to join his brother in the Tower ‘to be there for the coronation’ boggles the mind, and must forever be unfathomable to we modern day mothers who hover, perhaps over-protectively, over our offspring. She must have been pretty naïve, methinks! </span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 15.3333320617676px;">It’s strange, I suppose, that more than five hundred years later a certain faction should still feel passionately about and be convinced Richard was unjustly suspected of the murder of two beautiful young boys, his brother Edward’s sons. In 1924 the Richard lll Society was formed. Thus, when Richard’s remains were discovered under a parking lot two years ago, the Society pushed for a royal re-internment. The parking lot had been built on the site of the long-gone church, where Richard’s body was given a Christian burial. It’s amusing to note Richard’s remains had lain under a space marked ‘R’ for reserved spaces!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 15.3333320617676px;">On March 26<sup>th</sup>, 2015, the Society got the re-interment, and Richard’s remains were taken on a seven hour long procession around Leicestershire. At Bosworth, where Richard met his death in battle on August 22<sup>nd</sup>, 1485, there was a 21-gun salute. No coward Richard; all eyewitness accounts state he acquitted himself bravely on the battlefield against Henry Tudor. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 15.3333320617676px;">Bosworth Field was a vicious, bloody battle, near the end of which Richard realized most of those he had trusted to fight for him had deserted, and he was left with a small, struggling, and desperately tired band. He gathered this band around him and led the charge toward Henry. He cut down Henry’s standard bearer, and bore down on Henry, intent on the kill. Before he could reach his adversary, however, Lord Thomas Stanley, who had until then stood off to the side until he saw which way the battle was going, rallied his forces to Henry’s defence and Richard was mown down. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 15.3333320617676px;">After the gun salute, the coffin was borne on a gun carriage to Leicester Cathedral, where it lay on public view for the next three days before being interred in the cathedral vaults. Queen Elizabeth ll’s cousin, also Richard, Duke of Gloucester, was present at the ceremony, as was Sophie, Countess of Wessex who represented the Queen.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 15.3333320617676px;">A wealth of history, a tangled web of lies, deceit, treason – and a treasure trove for writers of historical fiction for children.</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00417525116189270503noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8824747592235020721.post-7211568230734431682015-07-29T08:14:00.000-07:002015-07-29T08:14:12.195-07:00The Princes in the Tower and the Re-interment of Richard lll.<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> We live in a violent age,
right? Considering we are surrounded by
scheming, unscrupulous politicians manipulating the due course of the law to
suit their own ends, Presidents and world leaders ‘removing’ perceived
opponents, terrorist thugs massacring the innocent, drug dealers blowing away
non-payers, and simple thugs with a grudge against the world, I suppose we do. But is this the most violent age in
history? I doubt it. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Starting with the murder of Abel by his brother, Cain, the
history of mankind has been violent since the beginning. Lately, the fashion has been to hearken back
to mediaeval times as a more innocent, gentler era. This is hardly the case, colourful though
that era was, when one considers the stir made over the recent </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.3333330154419px; line-height: 15.3333330154419px;">re-internment</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> on
March 26</span></span><sup style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">th</sup><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">, 2015, of Richard lll, King of England, previously
Richard, Duke of Gloucester, brother of King Edward lV, and the subsequent
debates as to his guilt or innocence.<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 15.3333330154419px;">For half a millennium there has been controversy among historians over the question was Richard guilty of his nephews’ murders or not? In her fascinating and meticulously researched book, The Princes in the Tower, Alison Weir reconstructs the tragic chain of events which led to the murder of the Princes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 15.3333330154419px;">She calls upon contemporary chroniclers, the anonymous and cautious ‘Croyland’, the Italians Vergil and Mancini, and the scrupulously honest Sir Thomas More, among others, to back her findings. Weir states that her aim is to settle the controversy, not add to it. She is quite convinced that Richard was guilty and that, if his wasn’t the hand to carry out the deed, his were the orders that had the young Princes murdered. Step by step she recounts the horror story in her clear, vivid prose.</span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">In 1471 Edward lV acceded the throne of England on the
murder of his mentally feeble brother, King Henry Vl. Historians have no doubt that Edward’s was
the mind behind his brother’s murder, although the actual deed is now
attributed by most to his brother, Richard of Gloucester, with whom Edward had
quite recently become reconciled. Richard was ambitious as well as unscrupulous,
and Edward was probably always suspicious of him. </span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Edward lV reigned, a fairly well liked king, until his
untimely death after a fishing expedition in April, 1483. This
gave Richard the opportunity he awaited; he speedily engineered a coup, had his
henchmen remove the faithful guardians of the young King Edward V, had himself
proclaimed Lord Protector, and named official guardian of the twelve year-old boy. As clever, personable, and well educated as
he was, Edward was still a child and this must have been traumatic and
terrifying for him. His uncle, whom he
no longer trusted, ordered he be taken to live in the Tower of London, supposedly
for his protection and to ready him for his coronation. At that time the Tower was one of the Royal
Palaces so Queen Elizabeth, though she hated and feared her brother-in-law, saw
no reason to fear young Edward was in any danger there. How wrong could she be? Once there, young Edward, a gentle boy who
had been raised with a good education, well-versed in Parliament and the law, archery,
and riding, and who had been dearly loved by his parents, was now a
prisoner. He never left the Tower. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">No fool, it was soon apparent to Queen Elizabeth that
Gloucester was intent on eliminating her family, the Wydvilles. She now
feared for her own life, so she gathered what possessions she could and with
her three daughters and her younger son, Richard, Duke of York, took refuge in
the Sanctuary at Westminster Abbey. So
why on earth she should ever have allowed little Richard, the heir should
Edward meet an untimely demise, to join his brother in the Tower ‘to be there
for the coronation’ boggles the mind, and must forever be unfathomable to we
modern day mothers who hover, perhaps over-protectively, over our
offspring. She must have been pretty
naïve, methinks! </span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">It’s strange, I suppose, that more than five hundred years
later a certain faction should still feel passionately about and be convinced Richard
was unjustly suspected of the murder of two beautiful young boys, his brother
Edward’s sons. In 1924 the Richard lll Society was formed. Thus, when Richard’s remains were discovered
under a parking lot two years ago, the Society pushed for a royal re-internment. The parking lot had been built on the site of
the long-gone church, where Richard’s body was given a Christian burial. It’s amusing to note Richard’s remains had
lain under a space marked ‘R’ for reserved spaces! <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">On March 26<sup>th</sup>, 2015, the Society got the
re-interment, and Richard’s remains were taken on a seven hour long procession
around Leicestershire. At Bosworth,
where Richard met his death in battle on August 22<sup>nd</sup>, 1485, there
was a 21-gun salute. No coward Richard;
all eyewitness accounts state he acquitted himself bravely on the battlefield
against Henry Tudor. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Bosworth Field was a vicious, bloody battle, near the end of
which Richard realized most of those he had trusted to fight for him had
deserted, and he was left with a small, struggling, and desperately tired band. He gathered this band around him and led the
charge toward Henry. He cut down Henry’s
standard bearer, and bore down on Henry, intent on the kill. Before he could
reach his adversary, however, Lord
Thomas Stanley, who had until then stood off to the side until he saw which way
the battle was going, rallied his forces to Henry’s defence and Richard was mown down. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">After the gun salute, the coffin was borne on a gun
carriage to Leicester Cathedral, where it lay on public view for the next three
days before being interred in the cathedral vaults. Queen Elizabeth ll’s cousin, also Richard,
Duke of Gloucester, was present at the ceremony, as was Sophie, Countess of
Wessex who represented the Queen.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">A wealth of history, a tangled web of lies, deceit, treason
– and a treasure trove for writers of historical fiction for children.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00417525116189270503noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8824747592235020721.post-75538313731059167212015-02-03T18:19:00.000-08:002015-02-03T18:19:29.992-08:00Historical Fiction - Bringing History Alive.<h4>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> While historians do an excellent job of relating facts, the wide range of their subject means they cannot cover every aspect of the era they are chronicling for school history books. Too often the human viewpoint, that of 'the man in the street', is lost. History is all about <i>people</i>. In historical fiction, we can breathe life into, and flesh out, characters we choose to portray at a certain time and in a certain place. In doing so, we enable our readers to have a more vivid insight into how ordinary people were affected by the particular events which occurred then.</span></span></span></h4>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> Alec's War tells the story of a Scottish schoolboy in Clydebank, 1941. This was in the third year of the Second World War, when London and the major English cities were under nightly attack from the Luftwaffe bombers. Clydebank was relatively quiet. People still spoke of the phony war. Then the Germans decided to bomb John Brown's shipyard, where many of the Clydebank men worked, building and repairing Britain's ships. </span></span></span></h4>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Unfortunately for the families, the German pilots mistook the Forth and Clyde Canal, which ran parallel to the river, for the River Clyde where John Brown's yards were, and where the ships were docked. On March 17th, and 18th, 1941 they blitzed Clydebank. Not a shop had a window left intact, and seventy percent of the homes were destroyed. Families were devastated, lives destroyed, overnight. Children were evacuated to the 'safer' parts of that small country. And yet people retained a sharp sense of humour. </span></span></span></h4>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">What prompted me to write this fictitious, but historical, story was the realization my grandchildren know nothing at all of these facts. I knew only what I could read in newspapers of the day - until my high school friend invited me to stay at her Clydebank home. This was the mid-fifties, and there were still many pock-marked buildings, and forlorn vacant lots overgrown with weeds. My friend regaled me with her memories, and tales of people she knew. The dry print of the newspaper reports came to life. Their stories need to be told, as do the even less well-known stories of the country people.</span></span></span></h4>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">I recall Mother, patiently testing me on the Battle of Thermopylae, the Punic Wars, and other ancient dates, getting quite furious. "I don't know why you have to fill your head with all this, and not one of your books says anything about the Great War (1914-19). You couldn't tell me the date of Mons, or Paschendale, and my uncles fought in these battles. <i>I knew</i> people who fought in that war. It's not just about books." </span></span></span></h4>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> She was right - History is <i>all</i> about people.</span></span></span></h4>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00417525116189270503noreply@blogger.com0